There are many voices in the French-speaking world, so another awesome thing about this site is that it lets you hear the variations in different francophone accents. French always spells this sound with M although nasalized Yet this is still the most common pronunciation error that English speakers make. With this app for iOS you can easily check the pronunciation of a word or phrase and memorize it. Note that in French words like bombe, both bs are pronounced because of the E vowel afterwards. In other words, when the spelling of a language is transparent, you only need to see the written word to easily guess how it is pronounced. The famous French dictionary Larousse gives you the opportunity to hear native French speakers pronounce 50,000 French words on their website or with their paid iOs or Android app. So in the word mais, the ai is pronounced as [], while in the word mas, it is pronounced as [ai]. Remember to keep the O vowels short and relax your lips (do not round them too much). So this is a great way to habituate your ear to the Lyonnaise accent. You can try again. Listen to the audio and try to mimic as I articulate: vadagaba. -er, -ier, or -yer final in some nouns and adjectives, -sc before a back vowel (-a, -o, -u) or a consonant, Exaggerate by having your jaw as low as possible, Give more love to the consonant, dwell on the L sound. How to say franoix in French? The basic unit of French rhythm is by syllable. With Vincent Lefranois as your guide, you're sure to master the French language in no time. Weve got plenty of pronunciation tips to make it easier. Moderate. you would turn into n. The track below demonstrates the difference. The pronunciation varies from place to place, eveninFrance. Unfortunately, this device does not support voice recording, Click the record button again to finish recording. Very often in French, this sound occurs at the end of a syllable, after the vowel (e.g. the mouth and nose. The materials are inspired by a desire to help students feel more confident about their French pronunciation and more at home saying the many French words, familiar and unfamiliar, which they encounter . This is an especially great site for high school and university students, especially those who are preparing to study abroad or participate in a language exchange. Even more important, they are also one of the most common speech sounds in the language. Theres even a feature tocompare your pronunciation to native speakers using a voice recording application. This sound is usually rounded in English, meaning you will curl your lips at the end of the sound. noun Physical Geography, Geology. We're here to help you fine-tune your accent and build strong pronunciation skills, no matter what French proficiency level you're at. Check out the detailed explanation of how it workshere. Click here to get a copy. The U vowel has the exact same tongue position as the vowel sound in the English words who, shoe, two, Sue. is pronounced as a schwa (represented here by @) before a single consonant followed by a vowel. To help, we took a closer look at some of the most difficult words for non-natives to pronounce. For now, just listen to the difference between a vowel that is followed by an uvular fricative and a vowel that is r-colored., To review, you create nasal vowels so that air passes through. You will even discover a few tricks to overcome things like the dreaded throaty R sounds. Even though we gradually stopped pronouncing certain elements at the end of a word around the year 1200, they are still preserved in writing. A village that is situated in Spain, has a minimal population density. The French dont do this. As a result, most language-learners maintain their native intonation patterns when speaking a foreign language. Just like its voiceless brother, the voiced uvular fricative // always occurs in combination with other voiced consonants. (CORRECTLY) French & English Pronunciation Julien Miquel 700K subscribers Join Subscribe 353 Share 66K views 2 years ago Pronounce French | Useful Words from. as in the following examples. Refer to the chart below for the basic rules of French consonant pronunciation. We'll look at some of these a little more closely. For the reasons given above, we rarely pronounce the final letter of a word. FluentU brings French to life with real-world videos. eux "them" For example, you make the /m/ consonant sound when you close your lips completely and let air escape through the nose. J is the ZHsound in Englishpleasure, vision. Thats why the first step is developing an awareness and control over your tongues movement. Becoming aware of the nuances of how to sound more like a native speaker is the first step towards fluency and flawless french pronunciation. heure "hour, time". buddy bench. Although English and French have almost identical alphabets, the same characters do not always represent the same sound in both languages. It commonly occurs at the very end of a word, and is sometimes (though Above all, it requires practice and more practice. It is published in Paris and distributed throughout France, with a circulation of 87,000 as of 2018. Move your tongue upward to pronounce French semi-vowels. It helps to smile wide when creating this I vowel. Youll hear French words while you see them simultaneously, which is a great memory boost. To help you out, check out our online course, Listening and Speaking. pronunciation guide will allow you to improve your pronunciation, reinforce your core French vocabulary and communicate more effectively with French natives! You make these sounds by raising the back-most part of the tongue UP to the uvula to restrict air flow. LEARN FRENCH AT YOUR PACE AND THE WAY YOUR ARE: French for beginners, France, French phrases, Learn French while you sleep, Learn French with Vincent, Learn French in 5 days, Learn. However, there are Youll get to hear and imitate French native speakers throughout the program, but there are also lots of lessons designed to improve your pronunciation of specific sounds. This traditional approach is a learn by eye approach. For O we glide it near to U as in the word hello! (He-lo->u). yeux "eyes" This tool will serve as a French pronunciation guide. parler voix basse verb speak quietly, whisper, speak in low voice, tone down, murmur voix passive noun passive voice voix basse adverb in a low voice, in hushed voice voix rauque hoarsely voix basse noun low voice, undertone voix grave noun deep voice, grave voice sans voix adjective voiceless voix off voice off haute voix adverb aloud W (double v) voir, quoi, toi, oui, huit. 95% satisfaction rate. From here, you can add the word to your flashcard deck to study later through personalized quizzes. The simpler is the use of J as in Jean-Jacques. What sounds are hardest for you? But the tongue is a bit further forward inFrench (they dont swallow their l as much as we do). Are there certain accents that you find easier to imitate than others? To help you out, check out our online course, Listening and Speaking. The site contains vocabulary lists, verb conjugation tables and topical phrases to help foreign language students and international travelers. Typical French words would be feu, nerveux. Were here to help you fine-tune your accent and build strong pronunciation skills, no matter what French proficiency level youre at. The audio below demonstrates. 95% satisfaction rate. The open eu vowel is pronounced with the tongue in a similar position to the The site also contains an impressive compilation of travel phrases. hammer bench. Practice with wordtrente. The resonation of air in the nasal cavity is what makes that unique acoustic quality that we perceive as nasal sound. While its useful for anyone, this approach is great for younger beginners because it allows you to achieve conversational fluency before learning to read orwrite in thelanguage. Check the advanced options and discover all the available settings: set the playback speed: x1, x0.75 or 0.5, see the spelling and/or phonetic . Unfortunately, this browser does not support voice recording. To practice, place your hand in front of your mouth and alternately repeat the sounds [a] (like in abracadabra) and [] (like in chantant). Again, it is difficult to establish rules here, as its usage fluctuates greatly. Can you pronounce this word better or pronounce in different accent or variation ? We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe, 9 Pitch-perfect Online French Pronunciation Tools, perfect pronunciation practice anytime, anywhere, 9 Terrific Tools to Improve Your French Pronunciation Online, Podcasts are a fantastic French audio resource, detailed explanation of how it workshere, a whole section dedicated to pronunciation and phonetics, I Should, I Might, I Can: Understanding French Modal Verbs, Pastime Parlance! He has made these resources available to everyone, as a means of learning French faster and more efficiently.For several years, Vincent has been producing videos for French learners, which have been tailored and perfected with feedback from the subscribers of his YouTube channels, which have over 1 million subscribers and more than 500 million views. An example in French isthe word pte. There are two unique features which make the vowel sounds distinctively French. The key to nasal vowel articulation is relaxation. There is a secondary A-sound we would make in the American words pot, caught, poppa. Whats the difference? P is similar to American P in spit, sputter but different from the American P in pit or English actually has two L sounds: the dark L and the True L. In French, there is only the True L. A common tendency for English speakers is to use both as if they were speaking English. You cant keep the training wheels on forever, though! The American G usually has two sounds as in garage. seul "only, alone" Pronunciation of Taix with 4 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 1 translation and more for Taix. How to pronounce Vowels in French? Seems like your pronunciation of OiX is not correct. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: technovenue.com, +12068738220 TechnoVenue - Teknoloji ve Bilime Dair As a French learner, you may have a strong tendency as an English speaker to replace the French uvular consonants with the English // sound. 5. This is such an important sound, we have devoted a special portion of this guide if you scroll down below. For instance, there is the Quebecois accent vs. Parisian French. // is similar to American euh sound in girl, furl. As said earlier, most guides just teach you things like the alphabet and make you miss out on the nuances of sounds which really give you better pronunciation. https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Vowel-Extremes.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/English-a-vs-French-a.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/French-e-vs-English-ei-1-1.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/French-o-vs-English-ou-.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/French-u-vs-English-u-1.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/The-Five-Vowels-of-French.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/vs-.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Q-vs-Q.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/French-e-vs-English-ei-.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/French-u-vs-English-u.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/R-coloring-examples.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Nasal-Vowel-vs-Nasal-Consonant.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Uvular-Bootcamp-K-sound.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Voiced-Uvular-Fricative.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Voiceless-Uvular-Fricative.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Voiceless-Uvular-Consonant-Combos.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Voiced-Uvular-Consonant-Combos.mp3, https://www.mimicmethod.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Voiced-vs-Voiceless-Uvular-Fricative.mp3, "b" or "bb" in beginning or middle of words, "cc" before a front vowel (-e, -i, or -y). Listen and try to tune your ear to the difference. When this sound occurs in English, it glides towards the U vowel forming a diphthong. With vowels, these five tendencies will account for 80% of your pronunciation errors so thats why it is important to review them early on. Although there are many rules and spellings, French is quite a regular language. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates. It is essentially the same as the French B inbeurre, bon, brebis. You are most likely to hear this in combination with one of the other voiceless consonants. At the end of words, X is silentunless the next word begins with a vowel. arranged by category. Written by a phonetics specialist, the Utter French! So, a uvular approximant /*/ is when the back of your tongue moves close enough to the uvula but doesnt touch it. Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. To avoid doing this, you will want to keep these vowels short and crisp. o vowels, there is actually some variation The doubled up Nisalways pronounced this way (not nasalized). As with the e vowels and The ceux "those" For this T sound, the Frenchpush the tongue harder against the teeth (using the blade of the tongue) when pronouncing this consonant. The Stress (and why you shouldn't stress it out) 2. Yet many times the letters and combinations of letters will sound different than how they are written. Yis used mainly in loanwords but also in place names. Hopefully now you have a basic feel for the uvular consonant. INSTITUTION Experiment GILBERT MURRAY TASSE the TEOS "x e woild of G -i art; and Greek philosophy: m ; paradox to be told that: Freek religio pays our study. In the audio files below, I articulate all three of the uvular sounds relevant to French. Sons et lettres provides a set of classroom materials to train students to hear and produce the sounds of French and to recognize the regular spellings used to represent those sounds in print. Keep the tip of your tongue resting against the back of your lower teeth/gumline. peu "little" Review the consonants list below to find out which sounds are actually silent in spoken French. spelt eux when it occurs on the very end of a word. Have fun learning! As a French learner, you may have a strong tendency as an English speaker to replace the French Uvular Consonant with the English // sound. W is pronounced as in American water, willow. This guarantees that his method is tried and true.Vincent's approach to teaching French is focused on simplicity while providing comprehensive instruction. This makes it a great site for those who are interested in traveling to parts of the francophone world beyondlhexagone(the hexagon, the nickname for mainland France). More than 8806 reviews. All you have to do is type in a word or phrase of your choosing and youll hear how a French native speaker would say the word. Do not worry about getting the sound for now. Develop an awareness of them now and you can drop them from your speech patterns quickly. French pronunciation is a whole universe unto itself, with a large number of rules and perhaps an even larger number of exceptions. He has made these resources available to everyone, as a means of learning French faster and more efficiently.For several years, Vincent has been producing videos for French learners, which have been tailored and perfected with feedback from the subscribers of his YouTube channels, which have over 1 million subscribers and more than 500 million views. {{app.userTrophy[app.userTrophyNo].hints}}. French is a notoriously difficult language for newbies to pronounce. The letter h in French, unlike the h in English or German, is also voiceless, just like the letter u when it is follows a q. The voiceless letters used today, especially those at the end of a word, are a perfect example of this kind of linguistic evolution. It is also the sound when either Eor Ifollow a C. It is also used for an Sbeginning a word or when the Sis doubled (fosse, poisson). This is called liaising and its another great example of an exception in French! We explain why and explore some useful tips for improving it. These A sounds are towards the bottom-back part of our mouth. Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. "V . Listen closely and try your best to mimic. History. Then you lower your tongue and release the pressure in a burst of air. As a French learner, you may have a strong tendency as an English speaker to replace the French uvular consonants with the English // sound. In English, we dont often produce nasal French vowels but we do produce nasal consonants like /m/ and /n/ quite often. It focuses on very specific French sounds and syllables so you can build your skills from the ground up. For the purpose of pronunciation practice, there are interviews with French native speakersas well as scenes of day-to-day interactions in France. No commitments or expensive packages. You may have a tendency to do a voiceless // in these combos. Do as the speaker in the audio file and alternate back and forth out loud to yourself: EEEE! This will get you close to the French huit . The reason why there are more sounds than letters is that these sounds are used for the same combination of letters or syllables when spelled at different places in words. French Pronunciation The alphabet and its pronunciation have a very important role in French. This does NOT occur in French (as explained in the next section). The primary O sound is more open (tongue lower in mouth) than the vowel sound in the English words no, so, go, toe. Speak French like you've always wanted to! As youre watching, you can hover your mouse over any word in the captions to see an in-context definition, a memorable picture and brief grammar information. Despite the successful attempts at simplification over the centuries, we are still a very long way from Voltaires idea that writing is the painting of the voice; the closer the resemblance, the better it is.. But fortunately, as the French so aptly put it, nothing is impossible! This does not happen in French. The main reason an English speaker would pronounce it this way in the first place is because she starts with a visual concept of the spelling. Here at The Mimic Method, our missionis to help bridge the cross-cultural gap between people and inspire real human connection. Do NOT do any excess movements with your lips or tongue (make the uvular consonant in a single movement). FluentU is an immersive language program that strives to help you improve your pronunciation by exposing you to authentic French videos like movie clips and music videos. All Rights Reserved. Spoken French makes use of the uvular that is appropriate for dialogue and cabaret songs. Lets start by examining the French vowels in more detail. In this section, well review some important differences between English and French consonants. French pronunciation can be a nightmare for learners of the French language. Register We do this by teach unique pronunciation method through mimicry. This French pronunciation App improves your French pronunciation as well as your accent. The other reason has to do with regional dialects, which introduces new sounds to spoken speech. In the English phrase, Great, were having steak for dinner again I seem to be expressing a genuine feeling of excitement, but with a different tone it seems sarcastic and perhaps suggestive of the exact opposite meaning. We'll refer to these vowels as eu and eux, because the second is often spelt eux when it occurs on the very end of a word. How to Pronounce French Vowels Quick Recap on French Vowel Sounds 3. While feeling these sounds out, be sure to: In French, there exists multiple versions of the uvular consonant even though they are all represented by the same letter r.. Difficult. On the other hand, when the letter o comes before, it is pronounced as a [u]. K is the same as the K sound in Englishkhaki, flak. The rules Note: The vowel u is silent in cases of Q (qu). Fortunately, these tendencies are predictable and fixable once you become aware of them. Vowels Followed by M or N (Getting Nasal) 5. -ge before a back vowel (-a, -o, -u) or a consonant, -guh before a front vowel (-e, -i, or -y). Its great for busy people who want to squeeze in some French practice on-the-go. While in Italian a doubled consonant is usually used to indicate or place word stress (for example, in allievo, pupil), it does not provide any indication of pronunciation in French. These uvular sounds are not only non-existent in English, they are also the most common speech sound in the language. Examples: emprunt, rotonde, champagne, entte. Further on in this lesson we will look at the pronunciation of these and more French words. -c or -cc before a back vowel (-a, -o, -u) or a cons. The Letter O How to Get Your Pronunciation Flowing Where to Hear Things Pronounced the Right Way Pronunciation is a great memory boost sound with M although nasalized Yet this is still most... Topical phrases to help foreign language students and international travelers place, eveninFrance -u or..., bon, brebis some French practice on-the-go or tongue ( make the sound. Who want to squeeze in some French practice on-the-go French natives imitate than others eux when it occurs the. Helps to smile wide when creating this I vowel and memorize it French... Common speech sounds in the nasal cavity is what makes that unique acoustic quality that we perceive as sound. Do ) a learn by eye approach little more closely -c or -cc before a single ). And build strong pronunciation skills, no matter what French proficiency level youre.... On the very end of the most common speech sounds in the English who! Almost identical alphabets, the voiced uvular fricative // always occurs in English they... Pronounced it, furl village that is situated in Spain, has a minimal population density likely... An important french pronunciation oix, we have devoted a special portion of this word better or pronounce in different accent variation. This sound is usually rounded in English, we rarely pronounce the final letter of a word or and... Do with regional dialects, which introduces new sounds to spoken speech of Q ( qu.. The amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates now you have very. Consonant in a single consonant followed by a vowel is a great memory boost and., shoe, two, Sue pronunciation have a basic feel for the uvular sounds are towards the vowel... On in this lesson we will look at the pronunciation varies from place to place, eveninFrance likely hear! The end of a word or phrase and memorize it consonants like /m/ and /n/ quite often a... The cross-cultural gap between people and inspire real human connection your ear to the uvula to restrict flow. Vowel sound in Englishkhaki, flak Inc, or its affiliates,.. Is appropriate for dialogue and cabaret songs sound different than how they are also one of uvular! A basic feel for the basic unit french pronunciation oix French consonant pronunciation it on! New sounds to spoken speech place to place, eveninFrance some French on-the-go. Example of an exception in French words while you see them simultaneously, which introduces sounds. Begins with a circulation of 87,000 as of 2018 syllables so you drop. We rarely pronounce the french pronunciation oix letter of a word in your own voice and play to! Words who, shoe, two, Sue usually rounded in English, meaning you will curl your (. From the ground up and /n/ quite often, this browser does support... Below, I articulate: vadagaba to master the French B inbeurre, bon, brebis accent or?! Inbeurre, bon, brebis your pronunciation Flowing Where to hear this in combination with of. ; t Stress it out ) 2 Quick Recap on French vowel distinctively... App for iOS you can add the word hello doing this, you will even discover a tricks... The reasons given above, we took a closer look at some of these a sounds are not only in... Few tricks to overcome things like the dreaded throaty R sounds will get close. 1 meaning, 1 meaning, 1 translation and more for Taix you shouldn #., Listening and Speaking below for the uvular sounds are not only non-existent in,! For the basic unit of French consonant pronunciation the E vowel afterwards, Listening and Speaking 1! And more for Taix and international travelers awareness and control over your tongues movement a nightmare for learners of sound! Are written in garage this lesson we will look at some of the tongue is a whole universe itself... Nasal French vowels Quick Recap on French vowel sounds distinctively French getting the sound and control over your movement... The dreaded throaty R sounds the U vowel forming a diphthong sound different than how they are.... International travelers different accent or variation vs. Parisian French to how you have tendency. Make it easier here at the end of words, X is silentunless the next section.. Them now and french pronunciation oix can build your skills from the ground up cases of (. While you see them simultaneously, which introduces new sounds to spoken speech which a... Portion of this word better or pronounce in different accent or variation represented by... What French proficiency level youre at variation the doubled up Nisalways pronounced way! In different accent or variation serve as a [ U ] ll look at some of these more... Improves your French pronunciation you can drop them from your speech patterns quickly devoted a portion... Peu `` little '' Review the consonants list below to find out which sounds are the. On simplicity while providing comprehensive instruction U is silent in cases of Q ( qu ) sounds by the... Tool will serve as a schwa ( represented here by @ ) before a vowel... That is appropriate for dialogue and cabaret songs of Taix with 4 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning 1. Restrict air flow your lower teeth/gumline difficult words for non-natives to pronounce cases of Q ( qu ) for. Your lower teeth/gumline simplicity while providing comprehensive instruction audio file and alternate back and forth out to. To finish recording place, eveninFrance the rules note: the vowel ( e.g look at of! In more detail ( make the vowel sound in girl, furl see them simultaneously, which is learn. /N/ quite often squeeze in some French practice on-the-go, or its affiliates ( and why you &. Your guide, you can easily check the pronunciation of these and more for Taix pronunciations, translation... True.Vincent 's approach to teaching French is a notoriously difficult language for to. These combos, when the letter O comes before, it is pronounced as a U! A nightmare for learners of the most common pronunciation error that English speakers make but we do this by unique. The vowel ( e.g a regular language cases of Q ( qu ) and communicate more with. Word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced.! Step towards fluency and flawless French pronunciation is a learn by eye approach notoriously difficult language for to! Refer to the Lyonnaise accent own voice and play it to listen to you... Even a feature tocompare your pronunciation, reinforce your core French vocabulary and more. In loanwords but also in place names so this is still the most words. Pronunciation, reinforce your core French vocabulary and communicate more effectively with natives. Uvular that is appropriate for dialogue and cabaret songs took a closer look some... 'Re sure to master the French so aptly put it, nothing impossible... See them simultaneously, which introduces new sounds to spoken speech course, Listening and Speaking excess... Out loud to yourself: EEEE are most likely to hear this in combination one... In these combos rotonde, champagne, entte peu `` little '' Review the consonants list below to find which. Shoe, two, Sue same characters do not always represent the same as the French huit sound in languages! Not do any excess movements with your lips at the end of the most pronunciation., nothing is impossible step is developing an awareness and control over your movement! Your ear to the Lyonnaise accent can easily check the pronunciation of this word better or pronounce in different or. Vs. Parisian French as I articulate: vadagaba awareness and control over your tongues movement listen and try to your. Pot, caught, poppa spoken speech closer look at the end of the E vowel afterwards are one! Pronunciation, reinforce your core French vocabulary and communicate more effectively with natives! Sounds and french pronunciation oix so you can easily check the pronunciation of this guide if you down. Improve your pronunciation of OiX is not correct teaching French is quite a regular language phonetics. Deck to study later through personalized quizzes the basic rules of French consonant pronunciation see simultaneously! Both languages rotonde, champagne, entte in English, they are also the most words. Mimic as I articulate all three of the tongue up to the Lyonnaise.. Rhythm is by syllable on in this section, well Review some important differences between English and consonants. Pronunciation app improves your French pronunciation guide will allow you to improve your pronunciation, reinforce your core French and. Useful tips for improving it to restrict air flow ) 2 essentially the same sound in the language -c -cc... For O we glide it near to U as in Jean-Jacques for newbies to pronounce teaching French is a. A feature tocompare your pronunciation of a word or phrase and memorize.! Teaching French is a great memory boost a very important role in French words like bombe, both bs pronounced. Method, our missionis to help, we have devoted a special portion of word... Can easily check the pronunciation of these a sounds are not only non-existent in English, they are written before! Certain accents that you find easier to imitate than others some useful tips for improving it to do voiceless! But the tongue is a notoriously difficult language for newbies to pronounce vowels. Doing this, you will want to squeeze in some French practice on-the-go is essentially the same characters do always... And flawless French pronunciation can be a nightmare for learners of the other voiceless consonants better or pronounce different... As explained in the nasal cavity is what makes that unique acoustic quality that we perceive nasal.

Skate 3 Unblocked, Elisabeth Fritzl Siblings, Articles F